The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s Our Kind of Love

The Song of Songs versus Woman Antebellum’s â€Å"Our Kind of Love† The selections from The Bedford Anthology of World Literature entitled The Song of Songs can relate to the contemporary love melody â€Å"Our Kind of Love† sang by the infamous, grant winning blue grass music bunch Lady Antebellum. Other than the way that these two works were composed under contradictory conditions and during particularly unique timeframes, the two of them share a significant number of similar qualities. Both of these works intently look at the word â€Å"love†, a word that is normally abused in the current day generation.Furthermore, the two of them depict the significant, sentimental inclination that a lady and a man share when they are both intellectually and genuinely pulled in to one another. The Song of Songs, is regularly misconstrued. At the point when numerous individuals previously read this sonnet, they think that its difficult to accept that this sexual, unequi vocal love sonnet is found in the Bible. Expressions like, â€Å"do not animate her† (210. 9), â€Å"your lips drop pleasantness like the honeycomb† (213. 11), â€Å"I have peeled off my dress† (214. 3), and â€Å"I am a divider and my bosoms resemble towers† (218. 0), are available all through this sonnet. Numerous individuals read these expressions and consider them to be sexual undertones. These expressions are in reality suggestive yet what a great many people don't comprehend is that this sonnet is intended to show the affection that God has made for a male to feel towards a female and a female to feel towards a male when they are in a monogamous relationship. This sonnet was likewise expected to have the option to be utilized as expressive psalm that could be sung. Numerous melodies in today’s culture depict this sentiment of adoration also. Our Kind of Love† is a blue grass melody sang by the nation melodic gathering Lady Antebellum. I n spite of the fact that, from the outset numerous individuals may not concur, The Song of Songs, a sonnet that can be found in the Bible, and â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, a melody that just as of late was created, share a significant number of similar characteristics. The Song of Songs has two principle characters: the lady of the hour and the spouse whom are darlings. The friends are another gathering of characters in this sonnet. They are somewhat similar to the storytellers of the sonnet that ring in at certain times.Each of the three characters assumes an opposite job in the adoration sonnet. In â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, the nation bunch Lady Antebellum, sings about the adoration shared between a male and a female. In this melody, a man and a lady alternate singing about their affection for one another. Despite the fact that â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is a tune, it can be viewed as a sonnet too. While perusing The Song of Songs, one may question that it is a sonnet on the grounds that a considerable lot of the lines contained in this sonnet don't rhyme with one another in any case, a sonnet doesn't generally need to rhyme.One may likewise differ that a tune, for example, â€Å"Our Kind of Love† can be a sonnet, yet a tune was one after another only a sonnet until it was really made into a tune. At the point when first taking a gander at both the sonnet and the melody together, the verse where they are composed looks practically indistinguishable other than the way that the tune is clearly shorter than the sonnet. This ought to be a piece of information to the perusers immediately that they are the two sonnets. Another intimation that both of these could be sonnets or tunes, is the title of the sonnet The Song of Songs.The title says everything. â€Å"Our Kind of Love† and The Songs of Songs are both around two individuals frantically enamored. In both of these works, the characters both clarify their affection towards one anothe r. Notwithstanding, the manner in which they express their adoration for one another is incredibly extraordinary. This is a direct result of the distinction in societies and timeframes. For instance, in The Song of Songs the husband depicts his bride’s magnificence by utilizing a lot of descriptive words: How wonderful you are, my dearest, how lovely! Your eyes behind your cover resemble pigeons, your hair like a group of goats spilling down Mount Gilead (212. 1). In â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, the manner in which the male depicts to the female her excellence sounds somewhat not the same as in The Song of Songs. He clarifies her magnificence by utilizing less portrayal: â€Å"You wear your grin like a late spring sky/Just sparkling down on me and you swear your heart is a free flying creature/On a lethargic Sunday afternoon† (Lady Antebellum). Despite the fact that these two expressions sound totally extraordinary, they are both expressing something very similar, t hat the two of them think their lover’s are beautiful.The first expression is composed increasingly appropriate, and the subsequent expression is all the more straight-forward and direct, and this is the reason an incredible number of individuals don't understand that despite the fact that the language of The Song of Songs and â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is unique, a great deal of the expressions in both of these works are expressing the equivalent or near something very similar. Another case of the likeness of expressions is the point at which the lady of the hour in The Song of Songs clarifies the sort of adoration her and the husband share and when both the female and the male in â€Å"Our Kind of Love† characterize the sort of affection they have together.The lady of the hour in The Song of Songs pronounces her affection for the spouse: My darling has gone down to his nursery, to the beds where amber develops, to have a great time the nursery and to pick the lil ies. /I am my beloved’s, and my cherished is mine, he who has a great time the lilies (215. 2-3). In contrast with this expression, the male and female in â€Å"Our Kind of Love† clarify their affection by singing: â€Å"Just like driving on an open roadway/Never comprehending what we’re going to discover/Just like two children, infant, continually attempting to celebrate the good life/Whoa, better believe it, that’s out sort of adoration (Lady Antebellum).The Song of Songs was composed during a significantly more prior timespan than â€Å"Our Kind of Love†. One can tell this by contrasting the language that is utilized in both of these works. â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is a contemporary melody that just turned out in the year 2010. This melody comprises of regular, current language. It is straightforward the plot of this melody just by tuning in to it or perusing it through once. Conversely, The Song of Songs was composed â€Å"between 350 a nd 250 B. C. E. † (208).This sonnet is considerably more hard to comprehend than Lady Antebellum’s tune since it utilizes increasingly legitimate, exact language. The Songs of Songs may require some additional consideration so as to obviously comprehend the sonnet. This is the thing that loses a great many people and makes them think these two works are not the same. Be that as it may, on the off chance that one really sets aside the effort to investigate The Song of Songs a few additional occasions, at that point he will see that they are expressing a similar target, simply utilizing an alternate method to state it.When first seeing this paper, one probably won't concur with my thought that Lady Antebellum’s late record-breaking hit, â€Å"Our Kind of Love† and the scriptural love sonnet, The Song of Songs are indistinguishable. They are to be sure composed from various timespans and from various societies in any case, at this point one ought to concur th at these two works are more comparable than they are different. The two of them have two primary characters, a male and a female. Both of these works can be refered to as sonnets or sung resoundingly. Likewise, they are both significant love poems.Many state that The Song of Songs was made so as to show God’s creation between a man and a lady and the adoration they share with one another, and that is the thing that both of these works are doing. Despite the fact that The Song of Songs is any longer long than â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, the two of them have a similar point. One should set aside the effort to look at both of these well known love sonnets/tunes, since it is exceptionally fascinating to perceive how huge of an effect a distinction in culture plays in World Literature.It is entertaining to perceive how an affection sonnet composed somewhere close to 350 and 250 B. C. E. can relate such a great amount to a contemporary blue grass tune. Works Cited â€Å"The So ng of Songs. † The Bedford Anthology of World Literature. Ed. Paul Davis, Gary Harrison, David M. Johnson, Patricia Clark Smith, and John F. Crawford. Book 1 ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004. 208-19. Print. The Ancient World, Beginnings-100 C. E. Woman Antebellum. â€Å"Our Kind of Love. † Need you Now. Quad Studios, 2010

Seeking Jobs for Ftuers!!

Subject 1: what occupations are reasonable for FTUers? Give expected set of responsibilities to the ones you suggest. What is the guidance for today’s work searchers? Hello there everybody! Much thanks for coming here today. I’m Linh. I’m a first year understudy of Foreign Trade University. As all of you realize looking for a reasonable occupation is significant for everybody in the wake of graduating, and FTUers are not special cases. So I’m here today to converse with you about that â€Å"hot† subject: Seeking occupations! My presentation’s not going to take excessively long so I trust you’ll discover it interesting.I have partitioned my introduction into three principle parts. As a matter of first importance, I’ll start with the upside of FTUers. Second, I’ll give you what employments are reasonable for FTUers and give a depiction to deals and promoting administrator. What's more, third, I’ll extend to some guid ance for today’s employment opportunity searchers. Don’t stress! There’ll be a lot of time left over for inquiries toward the end. Prior to beginning, let me clarify that I use â€Å"FTU† to represent â€Å"Foreign Trade University† and â€Å"FTUers† are understudies of FTU. Alright, let me return to my first point: The upside of FTUers.FTU is one of the most profoundly esteemed colleges in Vietnam. FTU has increased huge accomplishments in giving skilled and top notch HR to the economy and hence made extraordinary commitment to the reason for industrialization, modernization and worldwide monetary incorporation of the nation. FTU is currently offering a wide scope of majors and specializations in financial aspects, business, business organization, fund and banking and unknown dialects. Understudies from FTU are perceived as being dynamic and well-qualified.Most moves on from our college are probably going to get the top need of determinatio n when they go after positions in organizations and associations in Vietnam. In certain regions, FTUers are more required by businesses than the understudies studying the zone itself (for instance: in banking, FTU competitors are supposed to be more serious than ones from Banking Institution). What I mean is that being a FTUers, you have more opportunity to find a decent line of work than any other person in some other college. (indeed, any other person! Presently, let me go to the following point. To begin with, I’d like to recap the inquiry â€Å"what employments are reasonable for FTUers? † As I said previously, FTU graduates are so dynamic and could go after numerous sorts of position positions. They will in general get a new line of work which has significant pay, proficient and dynamic workplace, numerous chances to excel an advancement. In the event that you’re an understudy spend significant time in economy, to be specific you can work for the main impor t-send out business, joint-adventure organizations, International co-activity office in business field.Or in the event that you major in banking and money related, you can work in the deal division or the credit office for the banks, for example, ANZ, Agribank, BIDV†¦ or protections organizations. There are such a large number of occupations being appropriate for FTUers and picking an occupation relies upon a wide range of elements. I accept that FTU graduates will land the best reasonable position for themselves. We ARE the best, correct? All things considered, as I guaranteed previously, presently I’d like to give a depiction to deals and advertising manager.As a deals and promoting director, you’ll be associated with a wide range of jobs relying upon whom you work for. Occupation obligations include: helping Marketing Manager in planning different incorporated correspondence and showcasing exercises, organizing underway of a wide scope of promoting interchanges , giving item situating materials just as preparing for client care and deals, working with clients in creating contextual investigations, references, and tributes, etc.And to turn into a decent administrator, you ought to have PC capability aptitudes; plan choices and practice decision making ability; compelling venture the board abilities and capacity to work under strong tension and fulfill tight time constraints. What's more, obviously, you must be a self-inspired, sure, vigorous, and innovative individual not exclusively to land this position yet in addition numerous different occupations. What's more, presently, let me proceed onward to the last purpose of my introduction. Finding a new line of work these days gets increasingly hard. So I’d like to extend to some guidance for today’s employment opportunity searchers to assist them with getting a decent job.Before I talk about my recommendation, I need you to realize that there are a considerable amount of things you have to get ready to find a new line of work so now I simply give you some fundamental tips. The absolute first thing that you have to do is before a meeting, kindly research cautiously (actually cautiously) about the organization. You ought to have the option to refer to information you've found out about them. Furthermore, recall: you must be continually positive and persuaded (continually positive and persuaded) inside your heart that you truly need to work for this company.Even a slight absence of energy can influence the result. (Indeed, I said even a slight absence of eagerness) The subsequent thing is finding an accomplished companion to practice a meeting. Even better, make a video! You should be thoroughly basic about your presentation and never quit any pretense of improving that exhibition. What's more, the last however not the least is being set up for dismissals, and don’t burn through your time blowing up at the apparent injustice of them. Simply show signs of improvement at your meeting aptitudes for the following time.Well, that last tip carries me as far as possible of my introduction. I’d like to go through my three primary parts once more: The initial segment is the benefit of FTUers, the subsequent part is the thing that employments are reasonable for FTUers and an expected set of responsibilities for deals and promoting director, and the last part is some essential tips for today’s work searchers. I trust my introduction is understandable and helpful for you folks. Much thanks for tuning in. Furthermore, presently in the event that you have any inquiry, it would be ideal if you don't hesitate to ask me.

Mobile Commerce Basics What, Why, and How

Mobile Commerce Basics What, Why, and How The internet and other technological advances have certainly changed the way we do things today. Even the most mundane things can now be accomplished through various ways and means, which have a lot to do with technology. Just look at customer behavior, particularly on how they shop and where they shop, and you will see a marked difference from the time before the internet and e-commerce came about.For a while, e-commerce has been a major catchphrase in business. E-commerce, also known as  electronic commerce, was about trading products and services via the internet and other computer networks and electronic systems. These activities include, but are not limited to, banking, insurance, advertising and warehousing. Even transportation transactions were also completed using e-commerce. Basically, e-commerce was broadly referred to as conducting business on the internet.The evolution of how we transact did not stop there. The increasing usage of mobile and telecommunication devices acte d as another precursor to change, and that change led to the rise of mobile commerce, also known as m-commerce. © Shutterstock.com | tovovanIn this guide, you will understand 1) what is mobile commerce and what are its unique features, 2) what use cases are enabled by mobile commerce, 3) what issues are related to mobile commerce, and 4) what mobile commerce trends weve identified.MOBILE COMMERCE DEFINEDThe simplest way to describe mobile commerce would be the buying and selling of products â€" or the conduct of commercial transactions and activities â€" through telecommunication and other mobile devices that run or operate on wireless network technologies.It is safe to say that m-commerce is an upgraded version of e-commerce. In fact, m-commerce has been defined as the conduct of e-commerce activities using mobile or cellular devices. If business transactions involve the use of wireless telecommunication networks, then it is highly likely to fall under m-commerce.While terminologies such as internet banking, electronic money transfers and online shopping were very exciting and phenomenalin t he past decade, what excites consumers now is mobile banking, money transfer via mobile and mobile bookings among many others.Some fun facts on mobile commerce.[slideshare id=24292822doc=50must-knowmobilecommercefactsandstatisticsmobify-130716072744-phpapp01w=640h=330]M-commerce vs. E-commerceBetween e-commerce and m-commerce, the latter is the newer concept, seeing as mobile technology had not exploded until about two decades after the internet was able to be used to conduct commercial transactions using electronic systems.While e-commerce mainly makes use of computers, and requires internet connectivity, m-commerce uses mobile devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets and it relies mainly on an internet connection provided by wireless telecommunication networks.One of the major advantages of m-commerce over e-commerce is portability and flexibility. While internet connectivity is required in e-commerce, that is not the case in mobile commerce since these devices come with their o wn connection to the internet using telecommunication networks. Since the mobile devices are also smaller and more portable, users can literally conduct commercial activities anywhere, even in places with no electricity. This means, that usage of m-commerce is also broader, thanks to this portability feature.The rise of m-commerce has certainly boosted e-commerce as a whole, since users are given more options on the platform and tools, and a majority of the limitations that they have encountered in e-commerce do not exist in m-commerce.M-commerce vs. M-businessThere is a growing confusion regarding the concepts of m-commerce and m-business (or mobile business), with many people believing that they are one and the same. The given definition of m-business is that it is the “ability to interact and transact with anyone, anytime, anywhere, using wireless communications”. That definition is already very broad to be applied to m-commerce, which is limited to the “buying and selling of products and services over the internet through the use of mobile or cellular devices”.Therefore, it can be said that m-commerce is simply one of the many aspects of m-business.Unique Features of M-CommerceIn order to fully understand what sets mobile commerce apart from e-commerce and m-business, it is a good idea to take a look at its unique features, which can be clearly seen in its advantages.Mobility and ubiquityMobile commerce involves the use of portable mobile or cellular devices, such as mobile phones, smartphones and tablets.Portability results in closer proximity between businesses and their consumers, meaning it is now possible for businesses to reach their target audience faster. The parties are not restricted by physical or geographical locations when doing commerce, be it purchasing a product, completing a bank transaction, or even bidding on an auction. In addition, the technology and devices that power mobile commerce are also available and readily accessible. As such, the probability of the businesses making a sale is also higher.Electricity requirementIn e-commerce, a constant connection to an electric outlet is mandatory to power the devices. Thanks to the increased usage and flexibility of mobile devices which come with their own batteries, shopping via mobile devices is possible even without electricity.Comfort, convenience and spontaneityMany people prefer making their purchases over their desktop or laptop computers, in the comfort of their own homes or offices, instead of making that trip to the physical store or location of the goods or services that they want to buy.However, there are even more people who find it more convenient to do their shopping on their mobile phones, and they can do this while sipping some latte at a coffee shop or even in a bus or train as they travel. There is no need to rush home or to the office to access the computer in order to buy something. All users have to do is whip out their tablets of phones a nd do their shopping from there.This is a nice presentation on the Mobile Commerce Playbook which provides a deeper look into m-commerce.[slideshare id=43926553doc=mobilecommerceplaybook-150126202507-conversion-gate02w=640h=330]USES OF MOBILE COMMERCEAside from making purchases through apps on mobile devices, other m-commerce examples include purchase of ringtones, games and music online. Mobile ticket bookings and mobile parking meter payments are also m-commerce applications. While large purchases, such as purchase of real estate and automobiles, are still being worked on, there is no doubt that there will soon come a time when these major transactions may also be completed on mobile devices.The most common products and services on mobile commerce that are seen today are:Mobile banking. Inquire about your bank balance, manage your bank accounts, remit money and transact with your bank through your mobile phone.Mobile browsing and purchase. Shopping can now be done on your mobile d evice and if something catches your eye, you can immediately purchase it while browsing. This is made faster and easier if the merchant has an app, instead of browsing their website on your phone.Mobile content purchase and delivery. This is no longer a new concept, since this is one of the earliest forms of mobile commerce. You can purchase mobile content such as music, games, movies, ringtones, wallpapers and even apps, and they will be sent directly to your mobile phone.Mobile ATM. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) transactions, specifically, cash-in and cash-out transactions, are now considered for widespread mobile application. At present, only a select countries and mobile companies (such as Hungary’s Vodafone) allow the payment â€" through cash or bank card â€" of phone bills.Mobile money transfers. Now, money can be transferred through the use of mobile devices.Information and location-based services. Sometimes users may not necessarily want to purchase anything, but they wou ld still be interested in receiving information, such as news, local weather, stock and financial quotes, movie and TV programming schedules, traffic reports and even sports scores.Mobile advertising. People check their mobile phones more often than they do their desktop computers, so marketers and advertisers believe that they will be able to catch the attention of their target consumers better if they send the promotional and marketing materials directly to them through their mobile devices.Mobile ticketing, vouchers and coupons. Tickets, vouchers, coupons and even loyalty cards are now sent to users on their mobile phones. Since they are in digital form, all that is required would be to present these tickets, vouchers or cards, in order to get the service or benefits that they entail.Mobile commerce may be conducted using a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a phablet, a notebook or, in some cases, a laptop. Basically, any device that has these two features may be used to supp ort mobile commerce:Portable and mobileHas the ability to gain access to a networkWhen we speak of mobile commerce, the first devices that come to mind are mobile phones. Mobile devices, as a whole, are known for their ubiquity, identifiability, and context awareness. In other words, mobile device users can access the resources that they need from practically anywhere. All users of the cellular network make use of a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card, which serves as their unique identity when accessing the network, and mobile devices are also designed with the ability to be geo-located.There are a number of reasons why more users prefer using mobile devices in transactions and commercial activities.Mobile devices improve efficiency. The use of mobile devices will reduce the costs usually associated with the delivery of goods and services, such as warehousing and storage costs and the cost of maintaining physical locations and stores of businesses.Mobile devices promote tim eliness. If you have a mobile device, transactions may be done in real-time, and this also spurs the businesses to get right away to fulfill their end of the transaction.Mobile devices improve communications and relationships between the parties involved. The instant connection made through mobile devices results in better relations between businesses and their suppliers, sellers, customers and distributors. It also cuts through the time (and costs) that would have been used or spent on dealing with middlemen, since communication is done directly. Customer loyalty and retention are also strengthened.Mobile devices offer a wider “reach”. From the looks of things, the use of mobile devices is not a passing trend. In fact, we can see it playing an even bigger role in business in the future, and so we expect more businesses to adopt mobile commerce, if only to be able to enter bigger markets and reach a wider target audience.ISSUES ON MOBILE COMMERCEMobile commerce is not perfect, j ust as e-commerce is not without its challenges and problems. It is then up to adopters of m-commerce to deal with these issues accordingly.Security and Privacy IssuesThis is a concern that is also seen in e-commerce, or practically any transaction over the internet. Users still harbor a certain level of distrust when it comes to internet and network security, and this has translated over to mobile commerce. It is for this reason that, although there are capabilities available to mobile users, they do not make use of them. They simply do not have enough trust that they are protected or that the content they will download is completely safe to use.Apps, for instance, are often met with skepticism by users. App developers are thus becoming increasingly motivated to create apps that will dash away all the doubts of users regarding their security.Users are naturally protective when it comes to sharing their personal information and payment details. Incidents of identity theft and hackin g that lead to stolen money certainly are not helping.Mobile Website Design IssuesAdopters of mobile commerce have one important aspect that must be paid attention to, if they want to make a success of their mobile commerce efforts and, in the process, even help their traditional sales. That is to make sure that they have a mobile-friendly website.Certainly, the biggest hurdle would be the small screen sizes. There is only so much that you can fit on a small screen size, but still be able to fully convey the message that you want. Therefore, adopters of mobile commerce need to pay attention to the design of their mobile websites.Studies show that consumers’ purchasing decisions are affected by how mobile-friendly â€" or unfriendly, for that matter â€" the website is. There are businesses that think that, as long as their websites are viewable on the small screens of mobile devices, that is enough. Apparently, that is not the case, because users also tend to be put off from making any purchase when they come across a mobile-unfriendly website.Mobile MarketingWhile the general concepts are the same, mobile commerce also calls for marketing that is specifically designed for mobile use. This is called mobile marketing, which covers mobile email marketing and mobile content marketing. Marketers must adapt their strategies while taking into account the implications of making that shift to mobile. After all, the customer experience of mobile users will be slightly different from that of consumers in traditional methods of doing business.TRENDS IN MOBILE COMMERCEMobile commerce is here to stay, and so industries have two choices: to adopt mobile commerce or stay away from it completely. However, competitiveness would dictate that they should consider adopting mobile commerce, considering how a larger part of the world now uses mobile devices even for simple activities such as making bank balance inquiries.Ever-increasing mobile internet usageAccording to the Interna tional Data Corporation, 44% of the population of the world â€" that is around 3.2 billion people â€" will have internet access before the end of 2016 and, out of those 3.2 billion people, 2 billion are mobile users. This number is predicted to increase by more than 25% annually over the next five years.If you look at smartphone subscriptions, you will notice that the numbers are growing. Today, the estimated number of global subscriptions is around 2.6 billion. That number is predicted to increase up to 6.1 billion in less than 4 years. And we are talking here of smartphone users only, which account for roughly 70% of the total number of mobile or cellular phone users all over the world.Global mobile expansionIt is no longer just the western world that is making use of mobile devices, internet and mobile technology for its commercial transactions. Emerging markets, particularly in the Asia Pacific and the Middle East, are commanding attention. China, India and Indonesia are seen to be taking on bigger roles in mobile commerce, as their wireless networks are growing and expanding.By 2020, it is forecasted that Asia Pacific, Africa and the Middle East will comprise 80% of all new mobile or cellular subscriptions.Shift of marketing efforts to mobileEven advertisers and marketers are now slowly integrating mobile marketing to their plans and programs, with advertisers taking more note of the market’s online behavior. Online advertising is certainly becoming more pronounced, and many companies are actually starting to transition to online advertising, while only maintaining a minimum investment in traditional marketing methods.Introduction of new mobile devices and applicationsManufacturers of mobile devices are certainly on a roll, churning out new products almost every quarter, with their features becoming increasingly advanced and with more functionalities. Mobile app developers are following suit, designing m-commerce applications to be functional and user-f riendly on any mobile device.Development of new technologiesIt seems that the most brilliant minds on the planet are coming out with new mobile technologies to facilitate the conduct, or processing, of transactions. For example, new payment options that are designed to integrate seamlessly with mobile applications are developed. The mobile wallet, for one, allows users to conduct monetary transactions using their smartphones.One other technology that has been developed and is increasingly seen as an excellent tool in m-commerce is Near-Field-Communication, also referred to as NFC. Instead of mobile devices connecting through a wireless network, they need only have to be in close proximity with each other.

In This Report I Will Be Identifying The Different Types

In this report I will be identifying the different types of trade, discussing the role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in global trade and how specific trade agreements operate and their impact on international trade. 2 Types of trade Free trade is the minimal amount of tariffs, quotas and taxes to allow countries to trade â€Å"freely†. The opposite of free trade is known as protectionism; the practice of shielding a country s domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports. There are two types of trade, invisible and visible. Visible trade consists of physical tangible goods which include manufactured goods such as cars and machinery but it also includes agricultural goods like wheat and corn. On the other hand,†¦show more content†¦However Doha Round 2001 still remains to be ratified. It settles trade disputes between member countries. Finally, with 188 members it is argued that this organisation has played a key role in bringing unity and the tighter integration of the world economy. It was known as General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) up until 1995. The WTO has four main roles. Firstly, it acts as an orchestra conductor to ensure that all rules are respected. The Doha Round includes agriculture, environment, development etc. so it is no surprise that an agreement between the 188 countries has not been resolved as it is a lengthy process, a consensus among members through a round of negotiations must be agreed. Secondly, a role of trade tribunal. The WTO settles disputes between countries. If countries in dispute cannot settle differences by themselves a definitive ruling will be issued in which the losing party must comply. If it does not comply it is liable to sanctions, over 400 complaints have been filed by WTO members since 1995. 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The Media Gives People A Distorted View Of Criminals .

The Media Gives People a Distorted View of Criminals Danielle Molisani Caledonia-Mumford Abstract This paper is about the way a person views criminals due to the media. Criminals can range from small offences such as robbery to more serious offences such as murder. Newspaper, magazines, books, and television are all examples of different ways a person can use media to gain knowledge about certain incidents. The media alters the way a person will view an incident because the source will only show select information. When the viewer continually sees the same persona of criminal, stereotypes start to form regarding characteristics of the criminal and their action regarding the crime committed. Introduction When you think of a†¦show more content†¦With all the various types of mass media it can consume a person s everyday life and impact how they view the world. A research study indicated people on average spend 15 hours a week watching television and 20% report their main source of news comes from the newspaper (Dowler, 2003). Due to long hours watching the television or reading the newspaper, the media alters people’s perceptions. The media can be selective in what they share with the public. This leads to incomplete information and voluntary reporting which creates false news (Hitch, 1998). The media is smart in what they portray to the public, they often report highly unlikely and unusual stories to grab the viewer s interest. The media can do this by giving large amounts of air time to sensationalized news incidents such as murder. The media makes criminals celebrities. Everyone knows the names of Jack the Ripper, Al Capone, and O.J. Simpson however, few know the names of all of their victims (Spitzberg, 2002). The media covered these incidences and most people received information about the cases from a media source. Due to large coverage serial killer merchandise such as t-shirts and posters have been put on the market for sale due to popular interest (Serial Killer and Popular Culture, 2003). The knowledge of these people and their crimes come from the media and is broadcasted to the public. The media gives the viewer insight into the criminal,Show MoreRelatedThe Crime Is An Act Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesinfatuated with criminal behaviour and the concept of crime itself, wither it is known through personal experience or daily conversations or more accurately through the media e.g. from films, newspapers and books etc. Media production goes through a process of mediation in which professional producer s select and reject which stories are news worthy or not. 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London Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies Free Essays

string(130) " is why it is essential for hospitals to start looking forward toward more sophisticated business strategies in order to succeed\." Introduction The London Bridge Hospital has many facilities like air conditioned rooms that ensure that the patients are comfortable while receiving treatment at the hospital. It is easily accessible from both the city and the southern counties. The London Bridge Hospital just like other hospitals within the United Kingdom is a large and complex organization that heavily relies on different strategies to provide good care to the patients. We will write a custom essay sample on London Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Healthcare operations management as a discipline integrates both qualitative and quantitative aspects of management in determining the most optimal and efficient methods of offering support to the patients in the hospitals (Teoh, Pan Ramchand, 2012, p. 588). The London Bridge Hospital uses operations management methods and strategies in understanding and improving labor productivity, shortening cycle times, improving the overall experience of patients, and reducing waiting lines. All these contribute to the overall financial health of the hospital. Operational methods and strategies in the Healthcare Industry In the healthcare industry and in particular hospitals, healthcare operations is a summation of all the functions that allow the hospital staff to offer their services to the patients in the best possible way. Chahal (2010, p. 362) says that the various transformations going on in the healthcare industry across the world are driving the people working in hospitals and other healthcare facilities to also adopt the reforms in their daily operations. The management of the London Bridge Hospital is aware of the fact that operational efficiency is critical to the success of any business organization. This is particularly so because the opinions developed by the patients on the hospital plays a big role in determining not only whether they will come back or not but also on the messages that they pass to their peers who are also potential clients to the hospital (Stock McDermott, 2011, p. 145). The London Bridge Hospital faces many different challenges that range from resource utilization, improvement of care, to lowering the costs to the patients. Reduction of the bottlenecks and implementation of solutions to the common problems are vital in ensuring the success of the hospital in both the short and long run. The hospital has both internal and external customers. The external customers of the London Bridge Hospital are the patients and other people who visit the hospital and its other premises for help. In particular it includes the patients, their friends, family members or any other representatives. Harper (2002, p. 169) says that the internal customers on the other hand are the facilities and the hospital staff. The employees of the hospital often buy products like medicine from the hospital store, come for treatment whenever they get sick and refer their friends and relatives to come to the hospital. The latter category of customers is very important in determining th e success or failure of the hospital as they are not only customers of the hospital, but also offer service to the external customers. This is why the management of the London Bridge Hospital does its best to ensure that its employees are well remunerated and have good working terms. As already outlined, the external customers are the people receiving services from the hospital. These customers expect the hospital staff to adapt a more personal approach in executing their service and willingness to keep them happy. The internal customers on the other hand expect that the different departments in the hospital should function efficiently in order to improve their work experience. For example, the central department should always ensure that all the instruments used in patient care are properly sterilized and stored in their right places (Dwyer et al 2010, p 519). They should also ensure that the doctors get the right instruments when they need them. This is an important department in the hospital as the nurses, other hospital staff and doctors depend directly on it and its efficiency has a direct impact on the external customers. Operational objectives Healthcare operations management as a discipline integrates different principles of scientific management in determining the most optimal and efficient methods in supporting the delivery of care to the patients. Although the London Bridge Hospital does not have a department named operational management, most of the positions in the hospital involve roles of coordination and execution of different operations. Nearly 85% of hospitals are nonprofit in nature as they are there to serve the community in which they operate (Dey, Hariharan, Clegg, 2006, p. 861). Some nonprofits hospitals are often exempt from paying some taxes and are not required to continuously show positive growth rates or large profit margins like is done by most publicly traded companies. However, if a hospital fails to show positive return on the capital invested then there will be negative consequences on the economy. For instance, if a hospital fails to show reasonable margins, then the public bond market (the publ ic bond market finances most of the healthcare growth today) will likely record sub-par credit ratings. Sachdeva, Williams Quigley (2007, p. 162) claim that the consequence of this is that the bonds will have poor yields hence rendering the hospitals less than stellar investments for bondholders. The limited profit margins imply that there will be little money to invest back in the business to ensure that the buildings are updated, technology innovated, equipment replaced and clinical programs continue to expand and be enhanced. Without the investments, the hospitals will lose the ability to attract the most qualified administrators and physicians and the downward spiral will continue. While some healthcare systems and hospitals at times wait for changes in public health policy to save them, some competitive and successful ones like the London Bridge Hospital act in advance in order to save their margins. The current economic climate is characterized by perpetual pricing pressures that affect the top of the line income statement. In fact more than 50% of all hospitals report negative profit margins (Sinreich, Jabali, 2007, p. 301). This is why it is essential for hospitals to start looking forward toward more sophisticated business strategies in order to succeed. You read "L ondon Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies" in category "Essay examples" The London Bridge Hospital uses differentiated marketing strategies and programs, long term planning on service lines and broader use of advertising in order to be able to succeed in its business operations. It does this in tandem with adopting broader logistical and operational techniques into the business affairs of the hospital. The London Bridge Hospital monitors and maximizes labor productivity for all the medical support and allied health professionals as a way of maintaining salary expenses. The other strategies that other hospitals have adopted but are not currently in use by the London Bridge Hospital include: Incorporation of methods of scheduling optimization and queuing theory to eliminate time wastage and cycle time out of hospitals. Incorporation of techniques of logistical and supply chain in reducing operational expenses. Elimination of excess safety stocks. General improvement on the management of the working capital. Use of technology in the automation and streamlining of all the hospital operations to reduce operational costs and maximize efficiency. The hospitals and other healthcare organizations cannot depend on the extrinsic factors like shifts in managed care market structures and health policy as tools for changing their margin potentials. Although the macro level issues are important, the organizational and micro economic issues are more important as they have a strong and direct impact on a particular organization. In fact all the microeconomic issues are a function of operational management. As such, operational management is a set of intrinsic decisions and processes that assist in addressing productivity, costs, process and technology (Ford et al 2004, p.26). Healthcare is a primary service sector because the industry provides intangible goods to the customers. The goods here cannot be seen or touched. The services provided by the London Bridge Hospital and other hospitals in the industry are somewhat unique, differentiated, knowledge based and have high levels of customer interaction (Teoh, Pan, Ramchand, 2012, p.588). There are also physical goods that accompany the service in the hospitals which the supply chain procures and replenishes. The hospitals also store medical supplies and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, in this regard hospitals have a mix of both tangible and intangible characteristics. It is these attributes that make operations management in hospitals a little different from those of other industries that strictly produce physical goods. It is in this regard that Harper (2002, p 171) defines healthcare operations management as the quantitative management of processes and supporting business systems that transform resources (inputs) into healthcare services (outputs). Inputs in this case refer to the resources and assets like equipment, labor, technology, cash, personnel and space. The outputs include actual production and delivery of healthcare services. Quantitative management uses extensive quality improvement techniques, optimization and analytical tools to drive improved results. Healthcare operations management integrates quantitative or scientific principles in determining the most optimal and efficient methods of supporting patient care delivery. Functions of Healthcare Operations Management Healthcare operational management is a relatively new field in healthcare although it has been in existence in the other industries for many years. Its scope includes all functions related to business processes and management systems that underlie clinical care. It includes physical labor, physical network optimization, workflow, process engineering, supply chain and logistics management, capacity design, staffing and productivity management (Lorence Jameson 2002, p 749). The healthcare operations and logistics management includes all the business functions that provide job opportunities for the people like administrators, operations supervisors and scheduling manager. Operations Management Objectives or Issue to consider Workflow processHow many manual processes exist? Are there ways of reducing steps, cycle time and choke points for the key processes? Can we improve speed and patient satisfaction? Are there too many departments or people performing the same task? Capacity design and planningHow to reduce bottlenecks to improve the experience of patients? In which case to increase the use of technology to improve labor productivity? Staffing levels and productivity managementHow much output to expect from the employees? Have we maximized the use of automation and electronic commerce in increasing productivity? Quality, planning and process improvementDo we know how to compare the key competitors? Do we use advanced tools for tracking projects? Have we identified the quality issues that affect the goals of customer satisfaction and efficacy? Physical layoutAre the hospital facilities designed with the consideration of traffic flow, operational efficiency and consideration of speed? Physical network optimizationHow to strategically utilize vendors and their facilities Where to strategically position the different facilities like pharmacy satellites, supplies and warehouses in order to minimize costs and resources. Supply chain and logistics managementHow much inventory needed at a particular time Whether or not to use perpetual inventory in ensuring stringent internal controls and accurate financial reporting Have we built collaborative planning and forecasting processes to standardize items and reduce total costs? The goals of operational management The operational management team in the hospital is tasked with different goals and functions in the hospital that include reduction of variability, costs, improve logistics, business processes, productivity, flow of logistics, and quality of customer service. These are explained in more details in the following sections Reduce costs The primary role of operational management is to take out the costs of the healthcare system. It finds waste, improves utilization, stabilizes and reduces the overall costs of service delivery. A hospital that has an appropriate management and tracking system with the ability to isolate material, personnel and other resources utilized for delivery of care is more likely to reduce the costs of operation because it has a good understanding of the underlying cost structure (Teoh, Pan, Ramchand, 2012, p. 591). Once the costs have been identified and all unnecessary wastes eliminated then an organization can operate efficiently. Reduce variability and improve the flow of logistics The operations management team should continually look for more efficient and optimal ways of moving both physical and information resources. This should go together with reducing variability. Chahal (2010, p355) defines variability as the inconsistency or dispersion of inputs and outputs. Variability disrupts processes because it leads to uncertainty, too few or many resources and inconsistent results. For instance, if there are 30 patients seeking treatment in a certain hospital within a specific period, and then in the following period the number doubles or triples it creates problems for the employees in terms of controlling waiting times and general management of patient flows. An improvement in flows means higher yields or throughput with the same level of resource input. Shapiro Shapiro (2003, p246) define throughput as the velocity or rate at which goods are delivered or services performed. In the hospital situation, if a hospital attends to ten patients per hour and can inc rease the number to 15 per hour then this represents a 50% improvement in throughput and logistical flow (Miller, Sumner, Deane, 2009, p. 156). In the same manner, if the number of patients in the hospital doubles and the hospital manages to maintain the same historical inventory levels of pharmaceutical supplies then this is a significant improvement in material flow owing to the higher level of capacity utilization. Resource consumption and staffing should be directly tied to workload and patient volumes (Cowen, 2008, p.410). If the number of patients increases the quantity of the resources should equally increase. Good management of this variability allows a change in staffing mix and scheduling to accommodate the changes without staffing at the low points, valleys or peaks. Improve Productivity Improving productivity means looking for higher levels of output from all employees and other assets. This ensures that the hospital is operating optimally with high levels of efficiency by not only eliminating bottlenecks but also making efficient use of the available resources within the organization (Leury, Jean-Louis, Sicotte, 2003, p58). Improve the quality of customer care Improving quality means reducing medical errors and improving the safety of the patients. Additionally, constant improvement and maintenance of high quality service levels in terms of both patient care and other business services like admissions and cafeteria is also important. In the healthcare industry just like other industries, higher quality services leads to the ability to secure higher prices and this has the effect of driving an increase in operating margins and market shares (McCue McCluer, 2008, p 36). Ensuring an improvement in the patient satisfaction levels and reducing waiting and response times simultaneously ensures that the patients get higher quality services. Continuously improve Business Processes In the highly structured organizations like hospitals, business processes often tend to be unique in all departments as they are not integrated or highly cross functional. For example the operating room of a hospital may handle the procurement of a certain good in a certain way while the gynecology department of the same hospital handles it in a totally different way. Miller, Sumner, Deane (2009, p. 110) assert that in large hospitals most departments operate as independent businesses which lead to multiple problems of efficiency. This is where operations management comes in as it ensures that efficiency and effectiveness are greatly improved in the organization. Recommended Changes From the analysis it is clear that the London Bridge Hospital is performing fairly well in terms of operational management although there are areas that the hospital management needs to work on in order to improve the general performance of the organization. First off the hospital should incorporate methods of scheduling optimization and queuing theory to eliminate time wastage and cycle time out of hospitals. Efficient scheduling and queuing methods will improve the experience of the customers by eliminating unnecessary time wastage. The hospital should also incorporate techniques of logistical and supply chain as a way of reducing operational expenses.Improved logistics and throughput in the hospital will increase the workflow and overall capacity (Noon et al 2003, p97). The London Bridge Hospital should tie staffing and resource consumption directly with workload and patient volumes. This will ensure that if the number of patients increase, then the number of resources should equ ally increase as a response. Once the hospital manages to efficiently deal with the variability in the number of patients, it will have created a change in the staffing mix and scheduling to accommodate any changes. Staffing at the peaks leads to excessive costs whereas staffing for the valleys leads to periodic long lines because of the limited resources. The success or failure of the hospital depends directly on its readiness to cope well with the valleys and peaks without disrupting the normal flow of operations. This is where technology comes in as it automates most if not all of the manual processes. It also improves transaction processing capabilities and the quality of analysis, reports and organizational decisions. This will alter all the economics of the hospital because mechanization allows for faster production and delivery using relatively less resources. Substituting capital or technology for labor especially in the department of business support services will reduce tr ansactional and processing costs in the long run. As such, the role of technology in enhancing productivity is one which the London Bridge Hospital should take into consideration. Conclusion Although operations management is a relatively new phenomenon in the healthcare industry compared to the other industries, it is important to the industry because hospitals face the same challenges just like the other business organizations. The London Bridge Hospital is already making use of most of the principles of operational management although it still needs to implement some changes in its way of operation as highlighted in the discussion. These changes will ensure that the hospital continues to perform well both in the short and long run. Hospital operational management will help the London Bridge Hospital to deal efficiently with the challenges that it is currently facing. Additionally, this paper has shown that the manner in which the hospital responds to the valleys and peaks is critical to its performance. Hospital operational management has the solution for this as it puts in place mechanisms that ensure that the organization makes optimal and efficient use of its resour ces to achieve the best results without any shortages or wastages in terms of resource allocation and utilization. Bibliography Chahal, H. 2010, â€Å"Two component customer relationship management model for healthcare services†, Managing Service Quality, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 343-365. Cowen, M.E., M.D., Halasyamani, L.K., M.D., McMurtrie, D., M.D., Hoffman, D., R.N., Polley, T., M.D., Alexander, J.A., PhD. Banko, P.D., F.A.C.H.E. 2008, â€Å"Organizational Structure for Addressing the Attributes of the Ideal Healthcare Delivery System/PRACTITIONER APPLICATION†, Journal of Healthcare Management, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 407-18; discussion 419. Dey, P.K., Hariharan, S. Clegg, B.T. 2006, â€Å"Measuring the operational performance of intensive care units using the analytic hierarchy process approach†, International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 849-865. Dwyer, Alison J, MBBS, MBA, MHSM,F.R.A.C.M.A., F.C.H.S.M. 2010, â€Å"Medical managers in contemporary healthcare organizations: a consideration of the literature†, Australian Health Review, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 514-22. Ford, R., Boss, R.W., Angermeier, I., Townson, C.D. Jennings, T.A. 2004, â€Å"Adapting to Change in Healthcare: Aligning Strategic Intent and Operational Capacity†, Hospital topics, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 20-9. Harper, P. R. (2002). A framework for operational modeling of hospital resources. Health Care Management Science, 5(3), 165-73. Leury, M., Jean-Louis, D. Sicotte, C. 2003, â€Å"The role of regional planning and management strategies in the transformation of the healthcare system†, Health Services Management Research, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 56-69. Lorence, D.P. Jameson, R. 2002, â€Å"Adoption of information quality management practices in US healthcare organizations: A national assessment†, The International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 737-756. McCue, M.J. McCluer, R.F. 2008, â€Å"Financial and Operational Ratios for Bond-Insured Hospitals†, Hospital topics, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 37. Miller, W.J., Sumner, A.T. Deane, R.H. 2009, â€Å"Assessment of Quality Management Practices Within the Healthcare Industry†, American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 105-113. Noon, C.E., Hankins, C.T., Cote, M.J. Lieb, M. 2003, â€Å"Understanding the impact of variation in the delivery of healthcare services / Practitioner application†, Journal of Healthcare Management, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 82-97; discussion 97-8. Sachdeva, R., Williams, T. Quigley, J. 2007, â€Å"Mixing methodologies to enhance the implementation of healthcare operational research†, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 159-167. Shapiro, J. Shapiro, R. 2003, â€Å"Towards an improved collaboration model for the national healthcare system in England and Wales: A critical and constructive approach using operational research†, Logistics Information Management, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 246-258. Sinreich, D., Jabali, O. (2007). Staggered work shifts: A way to downsize and restructure an emergency department workforce yet maintain current operational performance. Health Care Management Science, 10(3), 293-308. Stock, G.N. McDermott, C. 2011, â€Å"Operational and contextual drivers of hospital costs†, Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 142-58. Teoh, S. Y., Pan, S. L., Ramchand, A. M. (2012). Resource management activities in healthcare information systems: A process perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 14(3), 585-600. How to cite London Bridge Hospital Operational Methods and Strategies, Essay examples

Contemporary Issues in Sports for Narcotic Analgesics and Diuretics

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Issues in Sports for Narcotic Analgesics and Diuretics. Answer: Introduction Doping, the term is derived from dope, which is an expression that was used to refer to an alcoholic drink which was used to stimulate dancers of South Africa; this term was later extended to modern day doping. Athletes use banned substance to improve their performance in sports. This is called doping. The International Olympic Committee and the International Sports Authorities and Federation have listed, identified and accepted some doping substances. The doping substances are stimulants,analogues, peptide, narcotic analgesics, diuretics and glycoprotein hormones and anabolic agents. This list is continuously updated by the major sports organizations like the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Sports Authorities. Doping methods can be of various types like physical manipulation, blood doping, chemical manipulation and pharmacological manipulation (Angelo et al., 2013). There are drugs like alcohol, beta-blockers, anesthetics, marijuana; corticosteroidsare su bjected to restrictions by organizations like International Olympic Committee (IOC). Some medical requirement can make it necessary to consume such drugs but without a proper medical ground. An athlete who consumes any of these substances or adopts this kind of doping methods is subjected to disqualification by governing organizations of sports (Alexander, 2014). Discussion According to O'Leary (2013), Doping has detrimental effects on athletes and it poses threat to fair competition in sports. In endurance sports like cycling, rowing, swimming, cross-country and skiing, athletes make use of drugs to enhance their performance. One such drug is erythropoietin which is consumed by athletes who play endurance sports. Erythropoietin leads to a higher level of red blood cells which can make the blood of athletes more oxygenated and thus increase their performance in endurance sports. Thus doping should be avoided as it leads to unfair competition. It has been criticized that sports like football and soccer are not doing much to resolve the issue of doping. However, according to Yar (2014), it can be alternatively be argued that doping should be legalized in athletes. The zero-tolerance against doping is not working. If the blood data is non-suspicious, it does not prove that no doping substances are used. It only means that doping substances in blood of athl etes did not exceed the range. It is known that athletes are subjected to doping but the organizations of sports are unable to clearly identify the athletes who have made use of doping substances. Thus, high-performance of athletes are subjected to suspicion and many athletes face harassments even if they do not make use of doping substances just because they have delivered high performance. For instance, cyclist Chris Froome and his teammates delivered high performance in Tour de France and was subjected to physical violence. Justin Gatlin has complained that bans related to doping have led to unfair and biased coverage of his performance (O'Leary, 2013). Key findings and Application of Social theory and Interventions The Athlete Biological passport is the fundamental principle which can be utilized for monitoring the specified biological variables over time that can reflect indirectly the effects of doping rather than to make an attempt to detect the doping substance or the doping method itself. The robust framework of the anti-doping program can be integrated into the Athlete Biological passport by the anti-doping organizations for identification and target of athletes who can be subjected to specific analytical testing by making use of intelligent methods for interpreting their passport data on time. WADA is the international independent organization which is responsible to monitor and coordinate the global fight against sports. The Athlete Biological Passport has been developed by WADA. The executive committee of WADA approved the Biological Passport Operating guidelines of WADA on December 1, 2009. A standardized approach was adopted by the first version of WADA ABP guidelines to profile the Haematological variables of the athletes to detect the doping level in blood of sportsmen. The second module was introduced by the fourth version of WADA ABP guidelines which is called the steroidal module which was used to detect steroid doping from urinary steroid concentrations of athletes over time. WADA will develop and revise the Athlete Biological Pass port guideline and thus intervene to control doing among sportsmen by consulting its stakeholders to intervene in anti-doping activities and to take strict measures and control to rectify the doping related issue in sports((WADA intervention, 2017) The anti-doping rule violations consist of 10 rules which are in alignment with the World-Anti Doping code like the sportsmen should not fail to submit a sample collection for testing related to doping, the athletes sample should not contain a prohibited substance, an athlete should not tamper with the doping control, an athlete should not be associated with a doctor or coach who has been found guilty of violating the anti-doping rules (WADA intervention, 2017) United Kingdom Anti Doping is the national anti-doping organization which is responsible for charging the personnel who have supported athletes or athletes directly for Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV). The code of ADRV was developed by UKAD IN 2015 and the code is aligned to World-Anti Doping code, thus UKAD intervenes and control doping among sportsmen. Results from testing programs of doping related activities in sportsmen are also published by UKAD. There are more than 89 sports which are charged with having doping payers. In all international game formats, 115 nations were represented by doped players. There has been evidence of doping in football. FIFA is of the opinion that education can make sports free of doping. The intervention that is adopted by FIFA to ensure that football matches are free from doping is that FIFA ensures that team physicians sign a declaration that states that athletes will undergo routine blood testing before the commencement of FIFA world cup (Duntas Popovic, 2013). In the Olympic Games, athletes are tested for Erythropoietin by testing samples of their urine and blood. 18-pro cyclists have died due to the use of Erythropoietin as of 2012 (Barkoukis et al., 2013).Some of the Anti-Doping organizations that intervene in activities related to doping are the United States Olympic Committee. The International Olympic Committee has founded the World Anti-Doping Agency. The activities of the agency include education and development to intervene and address issues related to doping and to monitor the World Anti-Doping Code. The UNESCO International Convention a gainst Doping in Sports enforced the provision of the World-Anti Doping Agency. Also, the Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention has intervened with doping activities related to sports to and the aims of this organization are in alignment with that of WADA (Morente-Snchez Zabala, 2013). Functionalist theory is applied to this issue related to doping in sportsmen. Emile Durkheim portrayed the perspective that interconnected part of a society or social being can be harmonized by philosophers and sociologists belonging to the same school of thought. The issue related to doping in sportsmen is considered a contemporary issue of sports because it raises questions against the social justification of sportsmen. Ben Johnson was found guilty of doping in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Diego Maradona was also found guilty of doping in 1986 World Cup. Lance Armstrong, the renowned cyclist was accused of doping in Tour de France in 2005. The doping acquisitions against Armstrong got stronger because his teammates were found to consume Erythropoietin. Maria Sharapova, the five-time Grand Slam Winner was found guilty of doping and claimed that she concealed the use of meldonium from authorities and International Tennis Federation banned her from playing tennis till 26 January, 2018 (Pa oli Donati, 2014). A sports organization or a governing body of sports organize campaign, activities and programs and implement codes to address groups issues related to doping in sports. These code or conduct or campaigns are called intervention. The contemporary issues of sports are broad and diverse, so one intervention cant solve an issue. Intervention from sports organization is mandatory to address contemporary issue of sports like doping. Despite of the intervention to handle issues related to doping in sportsmen, the success rate of Anti-doping campaigns is just 1-2 percentages. The social theory is used in the research as the anti doping movement will lead to the harmony of the individual social being to create an effective understanding of the issues. The sports and anti-doping communities can be committed to clean sport; they can incorporate the Say No! To Doping logo in promotional materials, uniforms, sports equipment and competition venues. More than stringent law, social awareness needs to be developed so that more number of the sports persons can be driven to a squad free from doping. Conclusion It can be concluded that doping in sportsmen is a contemporary issue in sports that have negative consequences like doping leads to unfair competition in sports. The performance of sportsmen increases dramatically because of doping which does not ensure fair competition. There has been intervention from different sports organizations like WADA, IOC, FIFA and many more for implementing positive steps to control doping among sportsmen. However, the tests conducted to test doping in sportsmen are not always effective and many sportsmen have complained that bans which are related to doping caused unfair and biased coverage of their performance. Reference List Alexander, B. R. (2014). War on drugs redux: Welcome to the war on doping in sports.Substance use misuse,49(9), 1190-1193. Angelo Corlett, J., Brown Jr, V., Kirkland, K. (2013). Coping with doping.Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,40(1), 41-64. Barkoukis, V., Lazuras, L., Tsorbatzoudis, H., Rodafinos, A. (2013). Motivational and social cognitive predictors of doping intentions in elite sports: An integrated approach.Scandinavian journal of medicine science in sports,23(5). Duntas, L. H., Popovic, V. (2013). Hormones as doping in sports.Endocrine,43(2), 303-313. Morente-Snchez, J., Zabala, M. (2013). Doping in sport: a review of elite athletes attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge.Sports Medicine,43(6), 395-411. O'Leary, J. (2013).Drugs Doping in Sports. Routledge. Paoli, L., Donati, A. (2014). The sports doping market. InUnderstanding Supply and Demand and the Challenges of Their Control. Springer New York. WADA intervention. (2017).wada-ama.org. Retrieved 24 October 2017, from https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2017-04/wada-publishes-2015-anti-doping-rule-violations-report Yar, M. (2014).Crime, deviance and doping: Fallen sports stars, autobiography and the management of stigma. Springer.

AIDS Related Stigma Since The Appearance Of AIDS In The Late Seventies

AIDS Related Stigma Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result, the social implications of the disease have been extended from those of other life threatening conditions to the point at which PLWAs are not only faced with a terminal illness but also social isolation and constant discrimination throughout society. Various explanations have been suggested as to the underlying causes of this stigmatization. Many studies point to the relationship the disease has with deviant behavior. Others suggest that fear of contagion is the actual culprit. Examining the existing literature and putting it into societal context leads one to believe that there is no one cause. Instead, there would appear to be a collection of associated factors that influence society's attitudes tow ards AIDS and PLWAs. As the number of people infected with HIV increases, social workers are and will be increasingly called upon to deal with and serve PLWAs. Although not all social workers chose to work with PLWAs, the escalating incidence of HIV infection is creating a situation in which sera positive people are and will be showing up more often in almost all areas of social work practice. This paper aims to examine AIDS related stigma and the stigmatization process, hopefully providing insights into countering the effects of stigma and perhaps the possibility of destigmatization. This is of particular pertinence to the field of social work due to our growing involvement with the HIV positive population. Association to Deviant/Marginal Behavior one of the most clearly and often identified causes of AIDS related stigma is its association to deviant behavior. The disease has had and still does have a strong association for many to homosexuality, IV drug use, sexual promiscuity and other sorts of sexual practice (O'Hare, et al., 1996; Canadian Association of Social Workers, 1990; Quam, 1990 Giblin, 1995 & CASW, 1990). It is significant to mention colored populations, as the parts of the world that are most severely effected by AIDS, such as countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, and Haiti, are mostly populated by races other than Caucasian. As a result, a strong association has also been made between AIDS and people of color (Quam, 1990). The fact that AIDS is associated with already stigmatized groups has two principal effects. First and most obvious, is that society's

What Is Pre-AP How Are Pre-AP Classes Different

What Is Pre-AP How Are Pre-AP Classes Different SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is a pre-AP class? Has your school started to offer pre-AP classes or are you wondering if they should? Have you heard about the College Board’s new official pre-AP classes and aren’t sure what they are? This guide is here to answer all your pre-AP questions. We’ll explain what pre-AP is, how official pre-AP classes differ from unofficial pre-AP classes, important changes coming to pre-AP, and what subjects the official pre-AP classes will cover. What Is Pre-AP? What is a pre-AP class? Pre-AP classes are a fairly new term for classes that are meant to prepare high school students for AP classes (college-level classes taken in high school) as well as college classes themselves.Pre-AP classes are typically taken by high school freshman, but some courses are also meant for sophomores. Can any school decide it wants to have pre-AP and just assign the title to some of its classes? Yes, but not for much longer.The College Board has recently announced that it will launch an official pre-AP program in the fall of 2018 (learn more about the official pre-AP classes in the â€Å"What Official Pre-AP Classes Are Available?† section further down).Beginning in the fall of 2022, all classes that are labelled as â€Å"pre-AP† must be submitted to the College Board and have their curriculum approved in order to be called pre-AP. Official pre-AP classes must also be available to all students in a grade, not just honors or advanced students. Currently, however, there are both official and unofficial pre-AP classes, and although both are meant to prepare students for future college classes, the two types are actually quite different from each other. Unofficial Pre-AP Classes Until 2022, any school can give certain classes the â€Å"pre-AP† title without having to follow the curriculum or rules of official pre-AP classes.Unofficial pre-AP classes are usually similar to honors classes. They are more challenging than regular-level classes and will likely have more homework and more rigorous tests to help you prepare for the advanced level of AP classes.You may need to have certain grades or pass a test to be accepted into an unofficial pre-AP class. Official Pre-AP Classes Official pre-AP classes are those that have had their curriculum approved by the College Board. Beginning in 2022, they will be the only pre-AP classes allowed. The College Board created pre-AP classes as a way to introduce all high school students to the skills and resources they'll be using in college classes. Unlike regular AP classes, which are often only for advanced students, official pre-AP classes must be open access, which means students at all learning levels must be able to take them. Pre-AP classes are meant to be the standard curriculum for a course, not an honors or advanced program.If your school has an official pre-AP course, then all students must be enrolled in it. Schools can’t exclude anyone from a pre-AP class based on his or her grades or aptitude for the subject. It's possible for a school to have an honors pre-AP class, but only if they also have a regular-level pre-AP class in the same subject as well.This could mean that, instead of having regular and honors biology, a school would just have pre-AP biology and honors pre-AP biology. When a class is an official pre-AP class, that doesn't necessarily mean it's an advanced class or more difficult than regular classes. Pre-AP just means the class has more of a focuson preparing you for future college classes. You'll still be studying the same major topics in a pre-AP class that you would in a regular class, but the way the lessons are taught and how you are assessed will be slightly different and more similar to a college class. This may mean you'll analyze more texts similar to those studied in college classes, practice critical thinking skills, and learn specific lessons that are part of the pre-AP program. Since these are skills all students should be learning, pre-AP classes aren't meant for just advanced students. How Does Pre-AP Differ From Regular Advanced Placement? Because the names are so similar, it’s easy to confuse pre-AP and regular AP classes. However, they’re quite different from each other, and the three major differences are discussed below. #1:You Can’t Get College Credit for Pre-AP Classes AP classes are taught at the same level as college classes; therefore, passing one means you can pass its college counterpart. This is why many colleges give college credit for passing AP classes. Pre-AP classes are still taught at the high school level, so although they can be more difficult than regular high school classes, you won’t get college credit for them since they aren’t as difficult as regular college classes. #2: There Is No Final AP Exam to Pass in a Pre-AP Class For most students, the most important part of every AP class they take is the final AP class in the spring. These exams, which are scored from 1 to 5, are important for showing colleges how well you understood the material and possibly getting college credit. Pre-AP classes don’t have final AP exams like that. Just like a regular class you’ll probably end the year with a final exam or project, but there’s no official pre-AP exam you need to take or pass. #3:Pre-AP Classes May or May Not Give Your Transcript a Boost Some students and parents get confused as to how important college think pre-AP classes are. Does a pre-AP class look as good as an AP class on your high school transcript? No, since, as mentioned above, AP classes are significantly more difficult than pre-AP classes. Currently, many colleges will view a pre-AP class on a high school transcript the same way they view an honors class. However, once official pre-AP classes become more widespread, colleges will likely stop viewing pre-AP classes as honors or advanced classes since official pre-AP classes are meant to be taught to students of all abilities. An honors pre-AP class will likely be viewed the same as a regular honors class. What Official Pre-AP Classes Are Available? Beginning in fall 2018, five official pre-AP classes will launch in schools. These classes are all official pre-AP classes and will follow curriculum designed by the College Board. The five classes are all meant for 9th graders, but more pre-AP classes, including some for students in other grades, are expecting in coming years. Many of them include more of an emphasis on critical reading and analysis skills than regular classes typically would. Below are the five official pre-AP classes, each with a short description. You can find out more about the pre-AP classes on the College Board’s pre-AP website. Pre-AP Algebra 1: Focuses primarily on linear relationships as well as other building blocks of math. There will be an emphasis on using math skills to solve real-world problems as well as being able to support or refute mathematical arguments. Pre-AP Biology: Gives students a foundation on basic biological concepts, both macro and micro. Students will read higher-level biology texts and learn analytical reading and writing skills useful for upper-level and college science classes. Pre-AP English 1: Teaches students close reading skills, analytical writing, and language skills while reading a variety of complex texts similar to what you'd read in intro-level college English classes. Pre-AP World History and Geography: Focuses on how history and geography are related, the importance of evaluating evidence from historical texts, and how to explain historical relationships. There's an emphasis on identifying and analyzing relationships between historical figures and events, as well as incorporating evidence into written and oral arguments. Pre-AP Visual and Performing Arts: There are four specific courses in this group: pre-AP Dance, pre-AP Music, pre-AP Theater, and pre-AP Visual Arts. Compared to many regular classes, these pre-AP classes focus more on analysis and interpretation of important works, peer-to-peer dialogue, experimentation, and reflective writing to prepare students for college-level classes in these subjects. Conclusion: What Is Pre-AP? Pre-AP classes used to be a title used by schools to designate honors classes or other rigorous classes designed to prepare students for AP classes in future years. Beginning in fall of 2018, the College Board will launch five official pre-AP classes. These classes are open-access, which means students of all abilities must be allowed to take the class. Instead of being honors classes, official pre-AP classes are meant to be the standard class in a school to teach a subject.Unlike regular AP classes, you can’t get college credit for pre-AP classes, and there is no final AP exam to take at the end of the year. What's Next? Want to learn more about Advanced Placement classes?Check out our introductory guide to AP classes and tests to learn everything you need to know! Does your school offer AP and IB? Are you curious about the differences between the two? Take a look at this article to learn whether AP or IB will be a better fit for your needs. If you're taking the SAT or ACT soon, you'll want to be well prepared. Check out our ultimate study guide for the SAT and ultimate study guide for the ACT for everything you need to score high! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sales training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sales training - Essay Example Three different power points will be created for the morning session, after break session and after lunch lecture. The first power point will cover the definition of sales, its goals, roles, direction and the focus of selling. This will be accomplished with a minimum of 25 slides with comprehensive speaker notes at the bottom. A minimum of 5 images must be used to show marketing dialogue, the role of sales and any related topic idea. The second power point will outline and map the sales process and images depicting models of selling will be included. For the last session, the power point presentation will cover, in a minimum of 15 slides a reflection of the video that will be used to induce hands-on experience in selling (Amy 79). All power points will be colorful and animated and questions must be used at each stage to evoke critical thinking from trainees. A laptop, projector and white board will be availed for the purpose of this training session. Video A sales marketing video wil l be obtained from youtube.com and will be availed in the last session. The video will cover field marketing and will present different scenarios that are likely to be experienced during training. Person to person sales and making sales in a conference will be two scenarios that will be captured in the video. The CD will be provided and played through the laptop. Evaluating the Learners After the three lecture sessions, a questionnaire will be handed to the trainees and they will be required to respond to the questions. Questionnaire method is superior in obtaining quick responses from the trainees as all of them respond at the same time. The questionnaire will test on the sales skills that the learner acquired and the possible methods of tackling specific problems in the marketing field. The test will continue a marketing scenario to test the learner abilities to employ effective marketing approaches in different marketing situations. Guidance Session Timing Trainer Guidance Traine e Guidance Lesson 1 1 hour 30 minutes Must emphasize definition, and mechanics of selling. questionss in power points must be asked to student. Remain interesting, use speaker note to explain Take notes, participate, ask questions Lesson 2 1hr 30 minutes Outlining and mapping of sales covered Refer to Ppt speaker notes Use questions at each point Engage learners Trainees get back to their seating positions. Note taking of crucial points Lesson 3 1hr 30 minutes The teacher will play the video twice, and then use the power point to reflect on the video. Interactive questions. Every trainee presents their opinion on the scenarios depicted in the movie Note the various key skills in marketing The timeline of the lesson will be reviewed after the first lesson. It may be wise to reduce the time for the second session and increase that of the last session as the interactive session is expected to take more time. Formative Revisions Formative revisions help to obtain information to help str eamline the instructional methods (Tuttle 122). During the instruction process, a critical observation of the training session will be engaged. The time taken to deliver the whole content designed for each lesson will be assessed. Also, the participation of the trainees will be engaged and