National Drug Control Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Drug Control Strategy - Essay Example Asides from the issue of drug abuse in its entirety and the prevention strategies, the     President's National Drug Control Strategy has the treatment and recovery vision for the recuperating drug addicts (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). International partnerships, law enforcement, grants and the role of the media are also part of the President’s National Drug Control Strategy.Asides from the issue of drug abuse in its entirety and the prevention strategies, the     President's National Drug Control Strategy has the treatment and recovery vision for the recuperating drug addicts (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). International partnerships, law enforcement, grants and the role of the media are also part of the President’s National Drug Control Strategy. The National Drug Control Policy wrote the foreword to the office of the president of the Obama Administration. The National Drug Control Policy was trying to put the detrimental effects of drug abuse in the American Society (White house.gov, 2014). Moreover, the forward also intends to put it into clarity that the office of the president is trying all it can do to tackle the issue if drug abuse. The goal, which I think deserves the most attention in the fight against drugs in the American society, is a community participation in the fight. Community involvement is essential because it is in the numerous communities that the drugs circulate. Should the community work hand in hand with the law enforcement agencies, then society would eventually be a drug-free society (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). Resultantly, the people would help in developing their respective societies because drugs tend to derail the society’s workforce.

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Exam - Assignment Example A very good example of technological advancement is mobile phone. The type of mobile phone which we had in earlier times no longer exists now. There is a change in the demand of mobile phone users. This has resulted in the advancement of mobile phone technologies. The users of mobile phones demand functionality and simplicity. This has forced the manufacturers of mobile phone to develop smart phones which are computer minded, easily usable, having more functionality as compared to the mobile phones of past. Further, technological advancements have helped organizations and businesses to save cost of production and time which is an advantage to small business and have managed to use these advancements for gaining competitive advantage. A very good example is 3G/ 4G broadband. The advantage of this super fast internet has been taken by small business to reach the target market with lower cost of operation. However, there has been both positive and negative effect of technological advanc ement. ... Further, it has also increased the health risks as the technological users do less exercise. In the perspective of education, students are more dependent on computers and calculators for solving simple equations. They cannot train their brains for solving a simple task for which they become lame in class. A few technological advancements have changed the human lives in the following manner: Technological advancement has contributed a lot in health care and medicine. This has helped to save the lives of many innocent people. Further, it has improved health sciences and human medicine. The medical students and doctors use medical technological tools for carrying out extensive research on the challenges and problems related to human health. This extensive research has led to the development of treatments and new drugs which help to cure the challenging human diseases and saving the lives of many people and prolonging the lifespan of human being. For example: a smart phone ultrasound whi ch was provided by Microsoft can be used for integrating a USB based ultrasound probe with a Smart phone. This can be used to create a ultrasound device which is simple hand sized for enabling the doctors to image the bladder, liver, veins, eyes, arteries and kidney of a patient in remote areas which can detect any infection easily. This device can be used in many developing countries for saving the life of people. This mobile ultra sound can be used by the doctors without boundaries for helping the patients in remote areas. Certain other technologies in health care include use of nano-composite contact lenses for treating diabetes patients. Neuro-prosthetic chips are used for controlling artificial

3d System and 3d Printing Essay Example for Free

3d System and 3d Printing Essay As a radical innovation, 3D printing has been introduced to market over 30 years since 1980s. This technology revolution doesn’t only change the process of molding; it also adapts its industry to go green by reducing wasting materials. In the contrast, object is produced by traditional technology (subtractive process) generates surplus cut material. In the early period of development, it was applied in hobbyist uses and industry uses such as design visualization, prototyping, architecture, education, and healthcare. In 2000s, along with mass launches of portable 3D printers from several companies, 3D printer has stepped on consumer product market; also, printed objects have been transformed from components or prototypes to finished goods. The personal 3D printer is incremental innovation of 3D printing. Basically, it was developed from industry 3D printer by design, size, and accessibility. Cube ® as 3D Systems’ first personal 3D printer is part of company’s strategy which is to accelerate 3D printer penetration. Five growth strategies See more: Homeless satire essay * Expand on-demand-parts services * Accelerate 3D printer penetration * Grow healthcare revenue * Consumer and retail * Create Seamless digital scan, design and print platform 3D Systems acquired Rapidform which is a leading global provider of 3D scan-to CAD and inspection software tools, located in Seoul, South Korea in 9 October 2012. 3D Systems is going to achieve its fifth growth initiative: to create a seamless, digital scan, design and print platform for the benefit of its customers. 3D Systems would broaden their range of capabilities with complementary products and technology, and extend its coverage and breadth globally with a significant foothold in South Korea and Japan. Technological Opportunities and Innovation The company has been playing as a leading provider in 3D printing business for over 25 years. It mainly focuses on business purposes e.g. making a rapid prototyping and manufacturing part. The research and development team of the company work closely with marketing department and foresee an opportunity gap in the current market. The team has an idea to entering into â€Å"home personal 3D printing† market by launching a new product line called Cube ® which allows people to print real object in three dimensions. Concurrent with introducing Cubify.com as a marketplace and meeting place where artists, designers, children and makers can sell their 3D designs and anyone can Cube ® in Product Life Cycle According to Product Life Cycle strategy, 3D Systems and its Cube ® have been successfully proving the Introduction stage and are ongoing with Growth stage. The attention has been captured by hyping up the publicity and put the personal home 3D printing into recognition. All sources of public media e.g. Magazine, Newspaper, YouTube, News, Trade Event are widely presenting the debut of company innovation of home personal 3D printer and has been awarded as the winner of â€Å"Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Award 2012†. 3D Systems Focusing Strategies In order to move along from Introduction period to Growth, the company has put its focus into 4 main company strategies which one of them is â€Å"Accelerate 3D printer penetration†. It is emphasis on expanding company distribution channel through reseller and subsidiary around the world which currently the company only offers click-and-mortar store. Cube ® in Adoption Curve and its Development Culture Since the personal home 3D printer is new to market, with its intuitive experience offering to consumer, it is not difficult for Innovators group of people to adopt the printing technology. Therefore, with its product features—Simplicity of Plug and Play, WiFi printing support, and more pattern available to download on cubify.com, it would not be an obscurity for Early Adopters to adopt the system as well. Furthermore, Cube ® 3D printer is currently likely positioned on the upper right side of the 3D Systems’ Development Culture model where it is considered to be such a completely new and breakthrough product of the year. The company will constantly improve the printer itself as seen in the company annual report under research and development expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 58.1%, to $15.4 million in the first nine months of 2012 from $9.7 million in the first nine months of 2011 3D Systems Development Culture Cube ® and its complementary product The selling point of the Cube ® 3D printer is not only the machine itself but the company also offer a cloud service community—Cubify.com. - Cubify turns mobile device, PC or tablet into a powerful mobile digital canvas to unleash creativity and bring ideas to life in 3D. On Cubify.com, user can find coloring book, cloud gaming and share creativity in 3D experience. The site also offers intuitive 3D Apps, rich 3D printable content libraries of games, puzzles, and any other collections for creation, purchase, share, or even sell for money. Additionally, the website also provides online printing service and has the printed object ship it right to customer later by air mail. Therefore, this service has driven the company to hold competitive advantage over competitors. People are increasing the awareness of cloud service where everything can be done over the air. The company can create the value of its product by offering a place where community begins which increasing in customer lock-in strategy and generate more revenue to company in long run. What company strategies beyond launch Cube ®: Be fast mover The world’s first personal 3D printer was launched by Stratasys in 2009. At the same time, 3D systems also launched its first personal 3D printer to become one of fast movers to better understand the barriers to broad utilization. As technology world, time is everything. 3D systems entered the market early means to quickly build large installed based as many as its industry section, and keep its leading position in 3D printing technology. They are now working on a multi-front strategy to democratize access and accelerate the adoption of 3D printing for the student, the hobbyist and ultimately, the consumer. The real keys are utility and affordability. Cube is part of its plan. Razor-blade strategy The launch of Cube reflects company’s penetration strategy that attempts to make customers to lock in with its products. The price of Cube is affordable, in addition to its high quality of product and service such as friendly-use application, various materials and colors, platform named Cubify.com where users can download and upload sources. Printer won’t be only product customer will purchase. Once printer is purchased, customer needs to keep purchasing other complementary products such as materials, also service such as applications. They will continuously make profit for company; even the revenue of materials and service is greater than the revenue of machine. RD As a technology company, innovation is critical, and one of the key drives of innovation is research and development. 3D systems’ expense in RD is increasing gradually to ensure its leadership through technology and business innovation. Table: 1. 3Dsystems-2012 Financial Statement Protect innovation Only developing and introducing new technology and product that will meet the customers need is not sufficient to be successful. To gain profit and increase market share, the company need to protect the product and service and development and manufacturing phase copying by competitors and new entrants. 3D Systems consider their technology platforms and materials as proprietary and try to protect them through copyrights, patents, trademarks and trade secrets. 3D Systems has worked steadily over the years to develop the market, protect its position with a portfolio of hundreds of patents, and to improve its machinery, software and materials. This has resulted in improvements in accuracy, surface finish and material properties that have been instrumental in expanding the rapid prototyping market as a whole. At December 31, 2011, 3D Systems held 725 patents and 257 pending patent applications worldwide, including applications covering inventions contained in our recently introduced printers. 3D Systems has also entered into licensing or cross-licensing arrangements with various companies in the United States and in other countries that enable those companies to utilize the technologies in their products or that enable 3D Systems to use their technologies in the products. Under certain of these licenses, they are entitled to receive, or obligated to pay, royalties for the sale of licensed products in the U.S. or in other countries. 3D Systems gain the competitive advantages from these patents and licenses and their success depends largely on the marketing, business development and applications know-how and on their ongoing research and development efforts. Although 3D Systems protect their intellectual property rights, the secrecy of their digital content, confidential information, trade secrets and unlicensed copying through a variety of techniques, the success of 3D Systems will motivate the competitors to copy what they are doing. When the competitors come with up with the technology and product with the same customer need, it will be harmful to their business. The loss of trade secret protection could make it easier for third parties to compete with their products by copying previously confidential features, which could adversely affect 3D Systems revenue and operating margins. Strategic acquisition 3D Systems has made and will continue to make strategic acquisitions in future also. 3D has acquired a number of technologies and competitor companies over the years. It purchased Keltool ® technology from 3M several years ago to address high volume injection mold-making applications. In rapid succession in 2001, it acquired OptoForm SARL (France), RPC Ltd. OptoForms technology was aimed at additive manufacturing applications and RPC was acquired to help the company replace its long-term relationship with resin supplier Vantico. 3D Systems completed twelve acquisitions in 2011 and the Z Corp and Vidar acquisitions in 2012. 3D Systems consolidated its entire personal and professional 3D printer businesses into a single unit. This acquisition integrates Z Corp and Vidar products and services with 3D Systems’ extensive portfolio, uniquely positioning 3D Systems for accelerated growth in the dynamic, rapidly expanding 3D content-to-print space. The transaction completes 3D Systems’ range of product capabilities, fills price gaps with complementary products and technology and doubles its reseller coverage globally. Z Corporation Z Corp provides 3D technologies used to create new products and services more effectively than any other ways, compressing the design cycle, generating new concepts, communicating clearly, fostering collaboration, and reducing errors. Z Corp solutions span the entire 3D CAD/BIM design process from concept through design verification. Z Corp is committed to making their solutions the fastest, easiest, most accessible and most valuable. Vidar Systems Corporation Vidar Systems is a leading provider of optical imaging technology specializing in medical and dental imaging markets. Built upon a solid foundation of innovation and an unwavering dedication to quality, the company is the worldwide leader and number one manufacturer of medical film digitizers. â€Å"This is a historic, game-changing event for our customers and stockholders. Today we gained complementary full color and high speed printing technology, increased our marketplace presence significantly in verticals beyond product development and direct manufacturing, assembled the largest and most-well prepared reseller channel in 3D printing, and catalyzed our healthcare solutions business,† said Abe Reichental, President and CEO of 3D Systems. â€Å"Concurrent with the completion of this transaction today, we have taken immediate, decisive steps to unleash the combined revenue growth potential and deliver the value creation inherent in this acquisition for the benefit of customers and shareholders alike.† 3D Systems plan to evaluate acquisition opportunities in the future in an effort to expand the business and enhance stockholder value. â€Å"Acquisitions involve certain risks and uncertainties including: * Difficulty in integrating newly acquired businesses and operations in an efficient and cost-effective manner, which may also impact our ability to realize the potential benefits associated with the acquisition; * The risk that significant unanticipated costs or other problems associated with integration may be encountered; * The challenges in achieving strategic objectives, cost savings and other anticipated benefits; * The risk that our marketplaces do not evolve as anticipated and that the technologies acquired do not prove to be those needed to be successful in the marketplaces that we serve; * The risk that we assume significant liabilities that exceed the limitations of any applicable indemnification provisions or the financial resources of any indemnifying party; * The inability to maintain a relationship with key customers, vendors and other business partners of the acquired business. Acquisition for the development of Cube * 3D Systems acquired Bit from Bytes (UK) which is one of the more successful of start-up companies producing open-source equipment in 2010. Both companies achieved from this acquisition. BFB has got the patent and technical issues as well as means to accelerate the pace of its development. It also provided 3D Systems with a window on very low price and easier to enter in cost sensitive fields such as education. In 2011, 3D followed up that acquisition and purchased BotMill, an even smaller US company producing RepRap derivative and the purchase of widen their offerings for those customers looking for machine at the lowest cost. At the start of the 2012, 3D introduced a third major initiative in the low cost, the Cube 3D printer presented as a key component in a new web-based consumer community the company has dubbed Cubifyâ„ ¢. It remains to be seen how 3D Systems will integrate these efforts, or whether the entities will maintain their individual identities. What benefits and risks of 3D systems in the future? Enjoy benefits 3D systems make mass targets by providing wide range of product portfolio in perspective of price and performance. In the meantime, its 7 print engines are technical standard in 3D printing industries. It means it can capture the majority of customers. Cube is a good trial to penetrate 3D printer to personal use. In addition, effective adoption of emerged new technology and booming market would urge 3D systems to gain large market share and profits while building its leadership. The powerful materials and services can diversify the revenue generation of the company; they build its competitiveness among market. Potential risks: Global economic, political and social conditions might increase costs, harm the ability of company to do business, change the market trend. Cube is still not dominant design yet; the competitors can easily take over its market position by launching higher performance machine with lower price. The company may incur substantial costs enforcing or acquiring intellectual property rights and defending against third party claims as a result of litigation or other proceedings. In some case, it may not be able to protect them from unauthorized copying, use or disclosure. In rapid changing technology world, it will be always possible that radically new technology emerges and destroy current one. If so, the company and its product will face huge difficulty. Recommendations: To gain greater market share with higher profit, we suggest 3D systems to improve in the following aspects: 1. Price 3D Systems could further reduce price of 3D printers to penetrate into market. If do so, company can build large installed base. Over time, when company gains sufficient user, it could start to reduce price of materials to follow penetration plan. On the other hand, it’s to ease users’ concern, and lift company’s reputation. 2. Product development 3D Systems should bring more advanced products with higher specifications to fulfill diversity of printing requirements. Printing product size, types of materials and level of printing details are main specifications customers care. Therefore product developments in general are to make bigger product size, more types of materials, and higher level of details. 3. Service The complexity of use and lack of 3D creations are key barriers of purchase. In order to ease use experience, we suggest 3D systems to develop a new application itself or gain it from acquisition. The application is complementary product which can convert 2D images into 3D creations. Of course, company might face copyright problems. In this case, it can communicate with a group of giant companies to sign a contract to gain information such as size, material, and color of their products. Certainly, the copyright problems will be solved. This service is not free to customers; they need to pay to download. Those giant companies will also gain big percentage of fee from download. [ 1 ]. 3DSystems2012 – NYSE Investor Presentation [ 2 ]. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/3d-systems-cube-r-wins-135242928.html [ 3 ]. 3DSystems2012 – Form10-Q [ 4 ]. http://cubify.com/cube/index.aspx [ 5 ]. 3DSystems2012 – Form10-Q [ 6 ]. 3DSystems2012 – NYSE Investor Presentation [ 7 ]. http://cubify.com [ 8 ]. http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/issue141/news10-Statasys.html [ 9 ]. http://investor.3dsystems.com/content/financial-reports, http://www.3dsystems.com/personal-3d-printers/ [ 10 ]. http://investor.3dsystems.com/content/financial-reports [ 11 ]. 3Dsystems-2012-form-10-Q.pdf [ 12 ]. 3D system 2011 Annual report on Form 10-K [ 13 ]. 3D system 2011 Annual report on Form 10-K [ 14 ]. 3D system 2011 Annual report on Form 10-K 16 http://investor.3dsystems.com/content/financial-reports [ 15 ]. http://investor.3dsystems.com/content/financial-reports

Effective Pedagogy for Early Childhood

Effective Pedagogy for Early Childhood For the purpose of this study an activity has been planned by the author and introduced within the authors own work setting. Any learning intentions will be evaluated and consideration given to any learning opportunities offered to establish the successfulness of implementation of the activity. All planning will be developed using the guidance of the Early Years Foundation Stage (DCFS, 2008), consideration given to the differentiation of children`s needs and variety of pedagogical approaches required. Research will be undertaken to establish the considerations given in planning to the Early Years Foundation Stage Principles, themes and commitments supported by relevant theory and research findings . Research will be undertaken into different theorists and how their findings may influence current practice within the workplace. A video recording will be made to capture all interactions and opportunities utilised for shared, sustained thinking. Opportunities for the development of language, and diversity of learning will be evaluated and assessed with the help and guidance of the settings manager. The Early Years Setting The area used for the planned activity is within the main room of a Foundation Unit which caters for children who are aged three to five years old. The area chosen is within the creative part of the setting allowing access to all materials and equipment available. The area has been prepared for the activity, all resources have been prepared and organised adhering to the health and safety guidance of the setting. The aim of the activity is to establish a child`s ability to handle tools and objects safely and effectively, this has been achieved through the provision of a variety of equipment and materials supported through the interaction of the early years practitioner. Planning has been differentiated allowing for children of lower abilities to be included within the activity, and different strategies implemented in order to cater for individual developmental needs. This is in line with the aims and principles of the EYFS approach to learning. Good planning is important for effective practice in order to give a varied and progressive approach to learning. It enables practitioners to build on their own personal skills and knowledge and enhance development within practice. The EYFS (DCSF, 2008) recognises the significance of planning and observation as a method to inform practitioners, building on experiences of children and enhancement of any learning opportunities. Activity `Bubble Balloons (Appendix a) Planning implemented to develop an activity that would support the existing theme of work within the setting ` Transport; In the Air , and previous week`s observations was developed . Consideration was given to the development of different levels of learning ,with the inclusion of a lesson plan to support the original theme. A copy of the lesson plan was then given to the manager who will observe the activity and make notes which will evaluate the success of implementation, development of language and any other relevant information . This activity was planned for implementation within the main room of the setting. A mixture of six children aged three to five years old were invited to participate. The children were given aprons to protect their clothes and the activity introduced by the practitioner. Different techniques, materials and processes were modelled, and encouragement given to make independent choices. The purpose of the activity was explained, describing any learning intentions and relevance of the activity to the settings main theme. An example of a finished product was shown to aid visual awareness of children present. Opportunities to discuss the activity allowed the children to establish clarity of the adult`s expectations. Following safety guidelines a cup and jug of water were placed on top of the table and each child given a straw. Children were asked to initially blow through a straw into a cup of water to establish their ability to blow and not suck. Following this assessment the practitioner was able to ascertain which children required the alternative strategies for the activity. The differentiation of planning enabled less able children to access finger paints and decorate balloon templates instead of bubble painting. It is the responsibility of early years providers to focus on each child`s individually learning development through the differentiation of planning and ensuring positive attitudes to diversity, as stated in the EYFS Statutory Framework (DCSF, 2008). The children were encouraged to experiment by individually blowing through the straws into pots of coloured paints, pressing a blank paper balloon template onto the pot observing the various patterns created. This process was then repeated building up the density of paint onto the paper. This is an activity that is supported by the EYFS Early Learning goals for Knowledge and Understanding (DCSF, 2008), which encourage children to explore and investigate materials using all their senses as appropriate. Opportunities for the practitioner to observe the childrens reactions to the stimuli and note any `wow moments enabled evidence to be collected and reflect on the outcome of the activity. Throughout the activity encouragement was given to talk about changes of textures, colours and different techniques used. When finished, children offered ideas and suggestions to what they could do next to improve or extend the activity. Guidance and support of the practitioner was offered when required, enabling children to input their own ideas encouraging independent thinking, confidence and development of cognitive skills. Following this discussion the children began to independently decorate square pieces of card using a variety of materials of their own choice. With support from the adult the children attached the balloon template to the `basket with a variety of methods of their choice. Opportunities at the end of the activity were given to discuss as a whole the different methods used, and opportunities given for the children to share their finished `balloon. This allowed the children to share in their own creativity, thoughts, feelings and ideas with their peer group. This activity was observed, recorded and assessed throughout by the manager of the setting. Notes were made of actual interactions for accurate study. Use of appropriate language and expansion of language was recorded and suggestions made to alter or support the pedagogical approaches used. An opportunity to discuss the findings with the manager at a later date allowed a collaboration of ideas to be shared, and any advice given to be built upon and implemented in future practice. Pedagogical Approaches Throughout the activity consideration was given to the language used and opportunities for children to interact freely through exploration and experimentation. An introduction to the activity giving clear, positive instructions and expectations helped the children to follow a clear guideline of the task ahead. This` modelling is identified in the Effective Early Learning (EEL) Project (Pascal and Bertram, 2001) in the three key parts of adult interaction which impact directly in a child`s learning; effective interactions, sensitivity and freedom to learn and explore independently. The introduction of a finished product gave the children a visual aid to illustrate what was required. Visual aids illustrates a different approach that will support communication together with the spoken word. Bruner(1983) describes the relationship between adult scaffolding, learning and a child`s level of language development. However Trevarthan (1998) describes that without a child`s own desire to learn or participate, progress will be impaired requiring practitioners to develop an awareness into supporting these needs, giving opportunities for children to freely express their individual intentions. Visual aids, body language, sharing and communication all illustrate a holistic approach to learning and is encouraged within the main principles of the EYFS Framework (DCFS, 2008). This is shown in the differentiating of planning for the activity for children who have identified barriers to learning and whom may require more adult support . Through utilising a mixed and multi-sensory approach to learning, various pedagogical approaches have been illustrated. Using visual, auditory and tactile resources allow the children to fully participate in the activity in a calm, safe and structured environment. This can be shown through the child`s enthusiasm and interest illustrated. This process is described as `VAK; Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic aids. (DfES , 2004) Evaluation Of Manager (Appendix b) As shown in appendix b, the manager has bullet pointed many positive aspects for competent teaching and an ability to deliver a clear, precise but informative lesson was identified. The delivery of the lesson was highlighted and described as fun and exciting, with children eager to learn and participate. The use of this type of communication is described as `conversational scaffolding, the importance of the practitioners role in supporting and motivating the children is reinforced through stimulating the children`s interests and empathy shown to their feelings and interactions. A belief illustrated in the Effective Early Learning (EEL) project (2001). The manager was able to identify that a deep understanding into the methods and resources for the activity had been achieved through the introduction of the lesson plan, resources and ability to deliver a clear, but informative introduction to the activity. The use of different techniques and skills introduced to the children were identified allowing the children to explore freely within their own creativity. Language was used to expand the children`s ideas and children given encouragement to experiment at their own level of learning through adult scaffolding, and open- ended questions. The targets identified to improve pedagogical approaches within practice were to give the children more freedom to answer, using their peers to discuss their work and during this discussion to focus more on the questions given to the children in order to allow more child led learning. Reflective Evaluation Following this activity I was able to stand back and reflect on my professional capabilities and approach to the pedagogical methods used. I feel that I had successfully researched data, implementing my own learning skills and knowledge into the lesson plan. The EYFS guidelines (DCFS, 2008) were followed during the planning process, and developmental guidance taken into the provision of age related targets for planning. A deep understanding of any learning intentions was acquired in order to plan accordingly for a child`s individual developmental needs by following the EYFS framework. Through discussion with colleagues the effectiveness of the activity was evaluated and different pedagogical approaches discussed in order to develop professionally with the workplace. Throughout the activity an holistic approach to learning ensured that all the children could freely communicate, think about their intentions and enhance any physical skills through their own creativity. Support and guidance was given when required encouraging the children`s own experimentation. This is a theory supported by Erikson (1963) whom believed that children would reach their full physical and intellectual potential allowing a balance of learning opportunities and adult intervention. Whereas Bruce (1991) identifies the importance of free play to enable a child to be in control without restrictions. I feel that through the provision of adult support and opportunities for experimentation, a happy, safe and secure medium has been achieved within this activity. The aims and objectives intended for the activity were reached effectively, the children competently handled all the necessary tools and materials safely. A diversity of learning was achieved through the differentiation of planning, complying with the principles identified in the National Curriculum (DFEE,1989) overcoming potential barriers to learning by responding and planning according to a child`s individual learning with the inclusion of suitable but achievable learning challenges. I found that the activity was successful, all health and safety issues were taken into consideration, children were individually assessed to ascertain developmental capabilities, and differentiation in planning enabled all children to participate in the activity according to individual levels of development. The activity seemed to flow along without any major alterations and I was able to respond and support all language and skills required. I have established that the process of planning, ability to identify certain developmental areas in need of focus, observation within practice, group collaboration and reflection vital to my own professional development. This method of reflection is described by Schon (1983) as reflection- in- action. Conclusion Pedagogical approaches in the Early Years are essential in the provision of effective practice. In order to promote pedagogy, a practitioner must be able to demonstrate a good knowledge and understanding into the principles, aims and content of the EYFS framework and successfully implement them within practice. Planning, observations and assessments are all influenced through the ability to adapt intentions according to the holistic approach encouraged by the EYFS. An ability to understand a child`s individual developmental needs and focus on appropriate learning objectives aid in the provision of appropriate pedagogical resources, activities and interaction within the setting . Different theorists and government legislations have influenced the delivery of the EYFS; the Effective Early Learning (EEL) Project (Pascal and Bertram, 2001), National Curriculum (DCFS, 1989) have impacted on the role of an early years practitioner through their different approaches to a child`s learning and development. A need for on- going development ensures that all early year practitioners need to be aware of current policies and procedures that may impact on practice within the workplace. It has been established that through collaboration with colleagues a better understanding into different strategies would improve practice within the workplace and steps to improve these factors will enhance any further professional development. Word Count; 2,200 References Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008) Practice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham : DCFS Publications. Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008) Statutory Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham: DCFS Publications. Bruner,(1983) in Pound, L (2005) How Children Learn. London: Step Forward Publishing Ltd. Department for Education and Employment (1989) The National Curriculum. London: HMSO. Department for Education and Science (2004) Primary National Strategy Excellence and Enjoyment: Learning and Teaching in the Primary Years: Section 3- Diverse Learning Needs. London: DfES. Erikson, E (1963) Childhood and Society. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Pascal, C and Bertram, A (2001) The Effective Early Learning ( EEL) Project: Achievements and Reflections. London: House of Commons. Schon, DA(1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think In Action. New York: Basic Books. Trevarthan, C. (1998) The Child`s need to learn a culture in, Woodhead, M., Faulkner, D. And Littleton, K. Cultural Worlds of Early Childhood. London: Routledge/ Open University Press.

Relations Between Turkey and America Essays -- Cold War Turkish Americ

Relations Between Turkey and America INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to look for the relations between Turkey and America from the cold war to current issues I will study on the situations that are developed between America and Turkey starts from the end of the cold war such as â€Å"Truman doctrine†, â€Å"missile crisis† and â€Å"gulf war†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policies of United States and the reactions of Turkey’s against that policies will take part in this paper. COLD WAR The Soviet Union and the United States, after World War II, began a military competition. The Soviet Union, after the end of World War II, wished to expand the buffer zone between itself and the Western world. In addition to the original Polish territory, the USSR established communism in Rumania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. The Kremlin felt that The United States was going to try to spread its capitalist ideals into all of Europe and eventually, the Soviet Union itself. Also, the United States saw the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe as the beginning of a plan to spread Communism throughout the world. This misconception was the beginning of the Cold War. The relation ship between America and Turkey has improved from 1947. In this relation the geopolitical position of Turkey plays a big role. The Truman Doctrine The first United States anti-Communist action was, in 1947, to begin providing economic aid to countries pressured by outside powers. When Britain announced that it would withdraw aid to Greece and Turkey, the responsibility was passed on to the United States. America was afraid of spreading of communism because of that President Harry S. Truman asked military and economic aid for Greece and Turkey and established a doctrine named as the Truman Doctrine that would guide U.S. diplomacy for the next forty years. The United States had also been following events in Turkey. The weak government of Turkey faced Soviet pressure to share control of the strategic Dardanelle Straits. Also Turkey could prevent the expansion of Soviet Union to the Mediterranean and Middle East and it could be a set for the Soviet Union in a probable war. Also Turkey had an important geopolitical position for USA, Turkey could provide an important geopolitical advantage for USA in a war with Soviet Union. These were the most important reasons for USA to help Turkey... ...all in 21st century they have good relations).Especially after September 11 attacks, declaration war against terrorism by USA, Turkey decided to be with the USA side. Turkey had lots of problems about terrorism (especially PKK). Turkey had important geopolitical position because of that USA would not want to lost turkey. As long as the economic crisis exists in turkey the Turkish foreign policy will be more depended on USA and IMF. But at the and when we look at the current events in international arena, especially the visit of president of Turkey Ecevit to united states in January 14, 2002 we see that the USA- Turkish relations becoming better. REFERENCES: Baskà ½n Oran, TURK DIÞ POLITIKASI, Iletià ¾im yayà ½nlarà ½, Istanbul,2001. Idris Bal, TURK DIÞ POLIIKASI, Alfa basà ½m yayà ½m daà °Ãƒ ½tà ½m, 2001. Doà §.DR. Oral Sander, TURK-AMERà KAN ILIÞKILERI, Ankara, 1979. Dr. A. Haluk ÃÅ"lman, TURK-AMERIKAN DIPLOMATIK MUNASABETLERI, Ankara,1961. Kamuran Gà ¼rà ¼n, DIS ILISKILER VE TURK POLITIKASI,Ankara,1983 William Hale, TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY, Frank Cass publishers, britain, 2000. http://www.Turkey.org http://www.turk-yunan.gen.tr http://www.yale.edu

Mr. Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail :: Letter From Birmingham Jail King Essays

"Martin Luther King Jr.'s letter from Birmingham Jail, which was written in April 16, 1963, is a passionate letter that addresses and responds to the issue and criticism that a group of white clergymen had thrown at him and his pro- black American organization about his and his organization's non- violent demonstrative actions against racial prejudice and injustice among black Americans in Birmingham. King writes the letter to defend his organization's actions and the letter is also an appeal to the people, both the white and black American society, the social, political, and religious community, and the whole of American society to encourage desegregation and encourage solidarity and equality among all Americans, with no stratifications according to racial differences. King's letter from Birmingham Jail addresses the American society, particularly the political and religious community of the American society. Specifically, King's letter addresses three important groups in the American society: the white American political community, white American religious community, and the black American society. King addressed these communities as the primary groups wherein racial segregation is continuously proliferated (the white American political and religious community) and points much of his arguments to and for his fellow black Americans in the society. King's main thesis in writing the Birmingham letter is that, racial segregation, or injustice to the black American society, is due to the continuous encouragement of the white American society, particularly the powerful communities in politics and religions. King defends his primary thesis all throughout the length of his letter, and the arguments that he has made to prove that his thesis is true and valid will be the focus of this rhetorical analysis. In addressing and confronting the problem of injustices among the black Americans in the American society, particularly the violence that had happened in Birmingham, and generally, the inequality and racial prejudice happening in his American society, King argues his position by using both moral, social, and political references and logic for his arguments to be considered valid and agreeable. Mr. Luther King's Letter From Birmingham Jail :: Letter From Birmingham Jail King Essays "Martin Luther King Jr.'s letter from Birmingham Jail, which was written in April 16, 1963, is a passionate letter that addresses and responds to the issue and criticism that a group of white clergymen had thrown at him and his pro- black American organization about his and his organization's non- violent demonstrative actions against racial prejudice and injustice among black Americans in Birmingham. King writes the letter to defend his organization's actions and the letter is also an appeal to the people, both the white and black American society, the social, political, and religious community, and the whole of American society to encourage desegregation and encourage solidarity and equality among all Americans, with no stratifications according to racial differences. King's letter from Birmingham Jail addresses the American society, particularly the political and religious community of the American society. Specifically, King's letter addresses three important groups in the American society: the white American political community, white American religious community, and the black American society. King addressed these communities as the primary groups wherein racial segregation is continuously proliferated (the white American political and religious community) and points much of his arguments to and for his fellow black Americans in the society. King's main thesis in writing the Birmingham letter is that, racial segregation, or injustice to the black American society, is due to the continuous encouragement of the white American society, particularly the powerful communities in politics and religions. King defends his primary thesis all throughout the length of his letter, and the arguments that he has made to prove that his thesis is true and valid will be the focus of this rhetorical analysis. In addressing and confronting the problem of injustices among the black Americans in the American society, particularly the violence that had happened in Birmingham, and generally, the inequality and racial prejudice happening in his American society, King argues his position by using both moral, social, and political references and logic for his arguments to be considered valid and agreeable.

P Plate Laws

They are there not to be broken but to save the lives of the young and inexperienced drivers. Since the new laws have been introduced more than 15,000 P-Plate drivers have been stripped of their licence in Victoria alone which shows that these ‘hoons’ don’t care about the law and even tougher rules need to be put in place. The new P-Plate laws, which are being enforced Australia wide, include having only 1 passenger between the age of 16-21 while you are on your Red P Plates, not driving a turbo or super charged vehicle, or driving a vehicle that has more than 6 cylinders. You are also required to drive 120 hours before being able to obtain your P Plates. The new P Plate laws that have been put in place are definitely working and reducing the death toll on our roads. It was reported in the herald sun that since the new p plate laws have been introduced there has been a 21% decrease in deaths on our roads among p platers. Eric Roozendal the roads minister has said he is â€Å"heartened to see that fatality rates have fallen for red P Plate drivers – which were the main target of the reforms†. Not only is he delighted with the way the new laws are working but other drivers or drivers to be are as well, like 19 year old L Plater Meg Walster who is even more excited about getting her P Plates because she is encouraged in the fact that it is safer to drive thanks to the new p plate laws. However some hoons still don’t get the message. These hoons seem to think they can do whatever they like because they will not be caught or because they are showing off to their friends. One of the main laws to be broken is going over the speed limit. Last year more than 11,400 P plate drivers were caught speeding and nearly 200 of those were caught speeding [pause] more than 45 km/h over the speed limit. Not even very experienced drivers could handle the speeds at which some of the new p platers were going at, what made them think they could? A very good example of these hoons not caring about the laws, themselves and other drivers around them was when late last year a young p plater obtained his licence and a mere 45 minutes after his test he was caught speeding at a [pause] 154 km/h in a 110 km zone. That’s just shows how reckless and immature these hoons are. Sue Philips has issued a statement to all new drivers after her son died and his two friends were injured in a horror crash because he was speeding, the damage was unimaginable, the car was split into two, the two halves of the car separated [pause] by a massive 40 meters. She warned all other drivers to stop and think before speeding. These hoons need to wake up and see what is happening around them, and what not just speeding but breaking any of the road rules can do, not just to you but everyone around you on the road. There needs to be tougher punishment for these law breakers, because that’s what they are laws breakers. Just because road laws might not seem as important or as bad as assault or breaking and entering or even stealing the consequences should be similar because breaking the road laws can be more devastating. Hoons choose to break the laws, it is not like they get provoked to or even need to break the laws to survive [pause] they choose to! The P Plate driver who was caught driving 44km/h over the speed limit, 45 minutes after gaining his licence was only fined $421 and had his licence suspended for 3 months. That is not enough for exceeding the speed limit by the amount that he did. Many people die in accidents that are resulted from speeding and even more get severely injured. These hoons need to be treated like criminals because these are criminal offences that they commit when they decide to break the road laws. P Platers argue that they are capable of handling powerful cars that are either turbo or super charged or even a v8 and that is not true because they are young and inexperienced and could not handle its power, as you need experience to control a car like that especially if you were to spin out or even accelerate, p platers most of the time put their foot down all the way when the light goes green, sure they can handle the power in a 4 cylinder car or even 6, but they most definitely would not in a powerful car. P platers also argue that they should be able to carry more than one passenger between the age of 16 and 21 but did you know that a p plater is 4 times more likely to be in an accident when he or she is with someone their own age! Also p plater say is costs too much for fuel when going on trips because they have to take more cars. This is true but when going on road trips you can apply to vic roads to get an exemption for a few days but you cannot be caught speeding or breaking the road laws otherwise there will be hefty fines. The new P Plate laws are there for a reason. Tougher laws need to be introduced but the current ones are working and making our roads safer every day. These hoons need to realize what breaking the road laws can do and need to think about the consequences because not only can they be hurt but others around them too.